ABSTRACT
Cryptococcus gattii is a kind of Cryptococcus that infects the lungs and central nervous system through the inhalation of infectious particles such as spores or Cryptococcus yeast cells. The development of clinical disease of Cryptococcus gattii may be determined by the sex, immunity and genetics of the host factors, in which immune system factors play an important role in host injury. Their defects will have serious clinical consequences. Cryptococcus gattii mainly infects the population with normal immune, and the infection of immunosuppressed population is rare. The infection mechanism, molecular types, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of Cryptococcus gattii meningitis were different between the two populations. This article reviews the main differences in different immune status with Cryptococcus gattii meningitis.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To screen the hospitalized children with pectus excavatum for nutritional status, and to analyze the influencing factors of nutritional status, then to provide the scientific basis for comprehensive management of clinical nutrition.@*Methods@#The body mass index (BMI) of 360 hospitalized children with pectus excavatum in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from January 2013 to December 2017 were reviewed and compared with World Health Organization standard and the emaciation rate was calculated.The influencing factors such as CT index, age, weight, height, sex, the width of thorax and surgical treatment were analyzed with BMI.@*Results@#Compared with the lowest standard of BMI, the whole emaciation rate of hospitalized children with pectus excavatum was 93.61% (337/360 cases): in which severe, moderate and slight emaciation were 74.17% (267/360 cases), 13.33% (48/360 cases), and 6.11% (22/360 cases), respectively.BMI was negatively related with CT index (r=-0.172, P=0.001), but positively related with age, weight, height, and the width of thorax (r=0.129, 0.342, 0.022, 0.179, P=0.014, 0.001, 0.673, 0.001). Three years after Nuss procedure, both the whole and severe emaciation rate decreased (93.62% vs. 95.74%; 65.96% vs. 78.72%), but the weight, height and BMI increased [25.5(12.5, 38.5) kg vs.17.0(10.0, 24.0) kg; 126.0(99.0, 153.0) cm vs.108.0(74.5, 143.5) cm; 14.69(12.38, 17.00) kg/m2 vs. 14.36(12.17, 16.56) kg/m2], and the differences were significant (all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#There is a high nutritional risk in hospitalized children with pectus excavatum, and the deformity severity is the main risk factor.Surgical treatment can improve the nutritional status effectively, but the malnutrition in pectus excavatum can not be corrected completely.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have focused on the clinical efficacy of alogeneic bone graft and humeral head replacement for the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, but their comparative studies are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of alogeneic bone grafting in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in the high risk group. METHODS:Clinical data of 120 cases of proximal humeral fractures aged≥ 60 years were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty of the 120 cases underwent alogeneic bone grafting combined with locking plate fixation as experimental group, and the other 60 cases were subjected to semi-shoulder joint replacement as control group. Al patients were folowed up for 8-24 months. Fracture healing, colodiaphyseal angle, humeral head height and shoulder joint function were observed and measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During the postoperative 8-24 months, al the fractures were healed by first intention, and there were no rejection reactions, large/smal nodules, humeral head displacement, necrosis, and screw loosening. Loss of the humeral head height at the last folow-up and the active flexion angle of the shoulder at postoperative 12 weeks were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). Scores on forearm, shoulder and hand dysfunction were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the colodiaphyseal angle and SF-36 scores between the two groups. These finding indicate that alogeneic bone grafting can strength the internal fixation of proximal humeral fractures in the high-risk group, and improve patient’s upper limb function.